Pengaruh Kebudayaan China di Indone

Pengaruh Kebudayaan China di Indonesia

Pengaruh Kebudayaan China di Nusantara telah dirasakan sejak abad ke- 13 sampai saat ini. Banyak etnis China atau lebih dikenal dengan bangsa Tionghoa melakukan perkawinan dengan masyarakat pribumi yang menghasilkan keturunan. Dari perkawinan tersebut maka terjadilah alkulturasi budaya.
Pengaruh kebudayaan China di Indonesia antara lain :
1.Batik
Batik China adalah jenis batik yang dibuat oleh orang-orang China yang pada mulanya menampilkan pola-pola dengan ragan hias satwa mitos China, seperti naga, siang, burung phoenix (burung hong), kura-kura, kilin (anjing berkepala singa), serta dewa dan dewi Kong Hu Chu.
Ada pula ragam hias yang berasal dari keramik China kuno, serta ragam hias berbentuk mega dengan warna merah atau merah dan biru.
Pada perkembangannya, Batik China menampakkan pola-pola yang lebih beragam, antara lain pola-pola dengan pengaruh ragam hias Batik Keraton seperti yang terlihat pada Batik Dua Negeri dan Tiga Negeri.
Daerah perkembangan Batik China meliputi daerah pesisir maupun pedalaman dengan nuansa yang dipengaruhi lingkungan. Daerah tersebut adalah Cirebon, Pekalongan, Lasem, Demak dan Kudus.

Lasem terkenal dengan selendang lokcan-nya (burung phoenix) sebagai ragam hias utamanya, sedangkan Demak dan Kudus mempunyai ciri khas dalam isen latar, antara lain "gabah sinawur", "dele kecer" dan "mrutu sewu".

Pekalongan sebagai tempat terdapatnya perusahaan-perusahaan Batik China, menghasilkan karya-karya "terbaik" seperti Oey Soe Tjoen, The Tie Siet, Oey Kok Sing dan lain-lain, mempunyai ciri khas produk yang terpengaruh budaya Belanda

2.Arsitektur
Di bidang asrsitektur, pengaruh Tionghoa juga cukup kuat mempengaruhi orang Betawi ketika membangun rumah. Bagian depan rumah Betawi diberi hiasan pembatas berupa langkan (China: lan-kan, red). Lalu agar tampak indah dan tidak kusam, pintu dan jendela harus dicat (chat) ulang setiap tahun.
Di dinding tergantung lonceng (lo-ceng). Penghuni rumah tidur di pangkeng (pang-keng) ‘kamar tidur’. Sebelum tidur orang tentunya ingin kongko (kong-kou) atau ‘mengobrol’ terlebih dahulu sambil minum teh (te) dan makan kuaci (koa-ci). Sementara Ta’pang (tah-pang) ‘balai-balai’ atau ‘dipan’ dipakai untuk rebah-rebahan sambil bersantai.
Untuk memasak di dapur ada langseng (lang-sng) yang artinya kurang lebih ‘dandang’, anglo (hang-lou) ‘perapian dengan arang’. Meja bisa dibersihkan dengan topo’ (toh-pou) atau ‘lap meja’, atau pakai kemoceng (ke-mo-cheng) ‘bulu ayam’ untuk menghilangkan debunya. Untuk mengumpulkan sampah yang sudah disapu ada pengki (pun-ki). Sementara di tempat-tempat becek dulu orang suka memakai bakiak (bak-kiah).
7.Pertunjukan
a. Barongsai
Menjelang perayaan Cap Go Meh, atraksi Barongsai di berbagai kawasan di Indonesia, terus digelar dari tempat ke tempat..

Atraksi Barongsai ini menjadi tontonan warga yang kebetulan melintas atau memang bekerja di kawasan itu. Bagi warga yang bermukim di kawasan ini yang kebanyakan warga etnis Cina tentunya punya makna tersendiri. Atraksi Barongsai ini merupakan ungkapan rasa syukur atas apa yang telah didapat sepanjang tahun.

Atraksi Barongsai ini biasanya juga berdasarkan 'booking'. Kalau ada yang memboking mereka untuk tampil di suatu tempat barulah mereka mengadakan atraksi.

Umumnya yang memesan adalah orang Cina juga, tapi tidak jarang pula mereka dipesan oleh non Cina. Tujuannya mungkin berbeda, kalau orang Cina pasti dengan harapan dapat berkah sekaligus mengungkapkan rasa syukur, sedangkan orang non Cina hanya karena memang menyukai Barongsai, mungkin hanya sekedar hiburan saja.

Cap Go Meh adalah hari ke lima belas setelah tahun baru Imlek yang mana pada hari itu menjadi hari puncak peringatan tahun baru. Pada hari itu akan ada ritual dan sembahyang di vihara. Sementara itu Barongsai, sebenarnya adalah akulturasi budaya orang Cina di Indonesia, karena istilah Barongsai cuma ada di Indonesia. Sementara di negeri Cina sendiri hanya dikenal Liong Samsi atau sering dikenal dengan Festival Naga.
b. Wayang Potehi

Wayang potehi merupakan salah satu jenis wayang khas tionghoa yang berasal dari cina bagian selatan. Kesenian ini dibawa oleh perantau etnis tionghoa ke berbagai wilayah nusantara pada masa lampau dan telah menjadi salah satu jenis kesenian tradisional indonesia. Cerita yang ditampilkan berasal dari legenda rakyat tiongkok, seperti sampek engthay, sih djienkoei, capsha thaypoo, sungokong, dll.

Results (English) 1:

The influence of Chinese Culture in IndonesiaThe influence of Chinese Culture in Indonesia has been felt since the 13th century. Many ethnic Chinese or better known as the Chinese do with the indigenous produce offspring. From the marriage there was cultural alkulturasi.The influence of Chinese culture in Indonesia include:1. BatikChinese batik batik is the kind made by the Chinese people in the beginning showing patterns with ragan ornamental animals mythical China, such as the Dragon, phoenix, the bird (bird), turtles, kilin (lion-headed dog), and the gods and goddesses of Kong Hu Chu.There is also a motif derived from ancient Chinese ceramics, as well as mega-shaped motif with red or red and blue.In its development, Batik China revealed patterns that are more diverse, among other patterns with Batik motif of the Palace as seen on Two domestic and Three Batik.Batik China development area covers the coastal area as well as the Interior with shades that are affected by the environment. The area is of Cirebon, Pekalongan, Lasem, Demak and Holy.Lasem is famous for his lokcan shawl (the phoenix) as its main motif, while the Demak and Holy have a hallmark in isen background, among other things, "sinawur", "grain delegation kecer" and "mrutu sewu".Pekalongan as the place there is a Batik China companies, producing works such as the "best" Oey Soe Tjoen, The Tie Siet, Oey Kok Sing and others, has the characteristic of the products affected culture Netherlands2. ArchitectureIn the field of asrsitektur, Chinese influence is also strong enough to affect people Betawi when building the House. The front of the House Were given a limiting form of ornate balustrade (Chinese: lan-right, red). Then to appear beautiful and not dull, doors and Windows should be painted (chat) repeated every year.On the wall hung a Bell (lo-ceng). The residents sleep in pangkeng (pang-keng) ' bedroom '. Of course people want to sleep before kongko (kong-kou) or ' chat ' in advance while drinking tea (te) and eat kuaci (koa-ci). While Ta'pang (tah-pang) ' Hall-Hall ' or ' crib ' used to fall-rebahan while relaxing.To cook in the kitchen there is a langseng (lang-sng), meaning more or less ' steamer ', Anglo-Saxon (hang-lou) ' fireplace with charcoal '. The table can be cleaned with topo ' (toh-pou) or ' lap desk ', or wear a feather duster (to-mo-cheng) ' chicken feather ' to remove the ashes were. To collect trash that's been swept there dustpan (pun-ki). While in muddy places used to be people like to wear clogs (bak-kiah).7. The showa lion dance.Ahead of the celebrations Cap Go Meh, the attractions of the lion dance in various regions in Indonesia, continue to held from place to place ... This lion dance attractions became a spectacle of citizens who happen to be passing or indeed working in that area. For residents who lived in the area, mostly ethnic Chinese citizens certainly have their own special meanings. The attractions of lion dance expressions of gratitude for what has been gained throughout the year. This lion dance attractions are usually also based on ' booking '. If anyone memboking them to appear somewhere that they hold attractions. General who order is Chinese people, too, but not uncommon they are booked by a non Chinese. Its purpose may be different, if the Chinese are definitely in hopes of blessing at the same time expressing gratitude, while those of non Chinese just because it is like the lion dance, probably a mere entertainment only. Cap Go Meh is a day to fifteen after the lunar new year which on that day became the day of the peak new year warning. On that day there will be a ritual and prayer at the monastery. Meanwhile, lion dance, is actually the acculturation of the Chinese people in Indonesia, as lion dance just exist in Indonesia. While in the country China itself only known Liong Samsi or often known as the Dragon Festival.b. the Puppet PotehiWayang potehi is one of the typical types of Chinese who came from China to the South. This art was taken by nomads ethnic Chinese to various parts of the archipelago in the past and has become one of the traditional arts of indonesia. The story shown is derived from Chinese folk legends, such as the butterfly engthay, djienkoei sih, capsha thaypoo, sungokong, etc.

Results (English) 2:

Influence of Chinese Culture in Indonesia influence of Chinese culture in the archipelago have been felt since the 13th century until today. Many ethnic Chinese or better known as the Chinese nation mating with the indigenous people who produce offspring. From the marriage then there alkulturasi culture. The influence of Chinese culture in Indonesia, among others: 1.Batik Batik China is a kind of batik made ​​by the Chinese people who initially show patterns with decorative Ragan Chinese mythical animals, such as dragons, noon, phoenix (phoenix), turtles, Kilin (dog-headed lion), as well as gods and goddesses Kong Hu Chu. There is also a decoration that comes from ceramics in ancient China, as well as ornaments shaped mega red or red and blue. On development, Batik China exposes the patterns are more diverse, among other patterns with the influence of decorative Batik Kraton as seen in Batik Two-State and Three State. Regional development of Batik China covers an area of coastal and inland with nuances that affected the environment. The area is Cirebon, Pekalongan, Lasem, Demak and Kudus. Lasem famous shawl lokcan his (phoenix) as decoration mainly, while Demak and Kudus have characteristics in isen background, among other "grain sinawur", "dele kecer "and" mrutu sewu ". Pekalongan as the presence of companies Batik China, producing works" best "as Oey Soe Tjoen, The Tie SIET, Oey Kok Sing and others, have characteristics affected product Dutch culture 2 .Arsitektur In the field asrsitektur, the Chinese influence is also strong enough to influence people Betawi when building a house. The front of the house Betawi ornate barrier of the ledge (China: lan-right, red). Then to look beautiful and not dull, doors and windows must be painted (chat) annually. On the wall hung a bell (lo-bell). Residents slept in pangkeng (pang-keng) 'bedroom'. Before going to bed people would want to chat (kong-kou) or 'chatting' first drinking tea (te) and eat watermelon seeds (koa-ci). While Ta'pang (tah-pang) 'halls' or 'cot' is used for fall-lying while relaxing. To cook in the kitchen there langseng (lang-sng) which means approximately 'cormorant', anglo (hang-lou ) 'fireplace with charcoal'. Tables can be cleaned with topo '(toh-pou) or' lap counter ', or use a duster (to-mo-cheng)' feather 'to remove the dust. To collect garbage that has been swept there dustpan (no-ki). While at first muddy places people like to wear clogs (bath-Kiah). 7.Pertunjukan a. Lion Toward Cap Go Meh celebration, lion dance attraction in various regions in Indonesia, continue to be held from place to place .. Things have become a spectacle lion citizens who happened to be passing, or indeed working in the region. For residents who live in this region are mostly ethnic Chinese certainly have a special meaning. Barongsai attraction is an expression of gratitude for what has been obtained during the year. Things are usually also based Barongsai 'booking'. If there are memboking them to appear somewhere then they hold attractions. Generally, the book is the Chinese people as well, but not infrequently they are ordered by non-Chinese. The goal may be different, if the Chinese certainly the hope of blessing and gratitude, while the non-China simply because you really like Lion, perhaps just entertainment only. Cap Go Meh is day fifteen after the Chinese New Year which on that day be the peak day of the new year. On that day there will be a ritual and prayer in the monastery. Meanwhile Barongsai, actually the acculturation of Chinese in Indonesia, because the term Barongsai only exist in Indonesia. While in the country of China itself is only known Liong Samsi or commonly known as the Dragon Festival. B. Potehi Wayang Wayang potehi is one kind of typical chinese puppets originating from southern China. This art was brought by the Chinese ethnic immigrants to various parts of the archipelago in the past and has been one of the traditional arts Indonesia. The story is displayed comes from the legend of the Chinese people, such as sampek engthay, anyway djienkoei, capsha thaypoo, sungokong, etc.