ResultMenopause alami terjadi secar

Result
Menopause alami terjadi secara bertahap, biasanya antara usia 45 tahun dan 55 tahun. Berdasarkan penelitian Morris et al.,jumlah wanita yang dilaporkan mengalami menopause terbanyak saat berusia 50 tahun. Onset menopause bervariasi pada tiap ras dan etnis dan dipengaruhi oleh demografi dan faktor gaya hidup, serta status sosioekonomi.
Wanita dengan menopause prematur meningkatkan risiko densitas tulang rendah, onset osteoporosis dan fraktur lebih awal. Menopause prematur atau menopause dini merupakan awal dari disfungsi jaringan atau organ dan lesi melalui mekanisme hormonal. Menopause dini (≤46 tahun) secara signifikan memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap osteoporosis.
Kehilangan tulang pada wanita dimulai sebelum menopause dan meningkat sesuai penambahan usia.17 Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Borer menyatakan bahwa rata-rata kehilangan tulang terjadi sebesar 1-1,5% sepanjang pascamenopause, sedangkan penelitian lain mengatakan penurunan massa tulang ≥2% per tahun selama 6-10 tahun pertama setelah menopause dan kembali pada tingkat rendah sekitar 1-2% per tahun setelah 10 tahun setelah menopause.
Lebih banyak Wanita yang mengalami osteoporosis karena sejalan dengan pengaruh hormon estrogen yang mulai menurun kadarnya dalam tubuh sejak usia 35 tahun. Pada wanita postmenopause kerapuhan tulang terjadi lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pembentukkan tulang.
Usia merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempercepat munculnyaosteoporosis. Semakin bertambah usia, semakin besar risiko mengalami osteoporosis karena tulang menjadi berkurang kekuatan dan kepadatannya. Pada usia lanjut juga terjadi penurunan kadar 1,25 (OH)2D yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya masukan vitamin D dalam diet, gangguan absorpsi vitamin D, dan berkurangnya vitamin D dalam kulit

Hubungan Riwayat Keluarga Dengan Kepadatan Tulang
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat
hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat keluarga dengan kepadatan tulang. Hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa subjek yang terdapat riwayat osteoporosis dalam keluarganya sebanyak 6 orang (17,1%) sedangkan yang tidak terdapat riwayat osteoporosis dalam keluarga sebanyak 29 orang (82,9%) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa subjek yang tidak mempunyai riwayat keluarga berpeluang
untuk memiliki kepadatan tulang yang normal. Seseorang termasuk berisiko tinggi bila orang tuanya juga menderita osteoporosis. Faktor genetik ini terutama berpengaruh pada ukuran dan densitas
tulang. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi, ada 6 subjek mempunyai anggota keluarga dengan riwayat osteoporosis yaitu ibu dari subjek yang bungkuk, merasa linu-linu pada kaki bila untuk berjalan.

Hubungan Aktifitas Fisik Dengan Kepadatan Tulang
Pada penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor aktifitas fisik dengan kejadian osteoporosis pada wanita postmenopause. Hal ini tidak sejalan dengan penelitian Recker dkk (2000) yang membuktikan bahwa aktifitas fisik berhubungan dengan penambahan kepadatan tulang spinal. Hal ini dikarenakan pengukuran aktifitas fisik ditanyakan 3 bulan ke
belakang sedangkan pembentukkan massa tulang membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama, sehingga tidak dapat mengukur aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan pada saat masih muda. Usia yang semakin menua akan mengakibatkan perubahan pola hidup, yaitu berkurangnya aktifitas fisik sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, olah raga
merupakan kegiatan yang sangat penting dalam mencegah osteoporosis. Jalan kaki secara teratur kira – kira 4,5 km/jam selama 50 menit, 5 kali dalam seminggu dapat mempertahankan kekuatan tulang. Selain itu latihan beban dan senam juga
dapat dilakukan pada penderita osteoporosis.

Results (English) 1:

ResultNatural menopause occurs gradually, usually between the ages of 45 and 55 years. According to Morris et al., the number of women who reported experiencing menopause most when he was 50 years old. The onset of menopause varies at each race and ethnicity and influenced by demographic and lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status. Women with premature menopause increases the risk of low bone density, the onset of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures early. Premature menopause or premature menopause is the beginning of a network or organ dysfunction and lesions through hormonal mechanisms. Premature menopause (≤ 46 years) have a significantly higher risk of osteoporosis. Bone loss in women before menopause starts and increases the addition of age of 17 research conducted by Borer stated that the average bone loss occurs by 1-1.5% throughout the postmenopausal, whereas other studies have said the decline in bone mass ≥ 2% per year over the next 6-10 years after menopause and return at low levels around 1-2% per year after 10 years after menopause. More women who have osteoporosis because it aligns with the influence of the hormone estrogen in the body simply applied began to decline from the age of 35 years. Postmenopausal women of fragility of bone occurs faster than the formation of bone. Age is one factor that could speed up the munculnyaosteoporosis. Growing age, the greater the risk of having osteoporosis because bones become reduced in strength and its density. The elderly also happen to decrease the levels of 1,25 (OH) 2D inputs caused by lack of vitamin D in the diet, vitamin D absorption disorders, and decreased vitamin D in the skinRelationship With Family History Of Bone DensityBased on the results of this research show that there are no a meaningful relationship between family history of bone density. It can be seen that the subject that there is a history of osteoporosis in her family as 6 people (17.1 percent), whereas there was no osteoporosis in family history as many as 29 people (82.9 percent) so it can be inferred that the subject does not have a family history of potentiallyto have normal bone density. A person including high risk when their parents also suffer from osteoporosis. Genetic factors is especially influential on the size and density of thebone. Based on the results of interviews and observations, there are 6 subjects had a family member with a history of osteoporosis that is the subject of the humpback mother, feel the sciatic-rheumatic pain in the legs when walking.The Relationship Of Physical Activity And Bone DensityIn this study indicated that there is no meaningful relationship between physical activity factors with the occurrence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. This is not in line with the research Recker et al (2000) which prove that physical activity is associated with increased spinal bone density. This is due to the measurement of physical activity asked 3 months to the back whereas the formation of bone mass takes a relatively long time, so as not to be able to measure physical activity done at a time when young. The age of an increasingly aging will lead to changes in the pattern of life, namely the reduced physical activity everyday. Therefore, sports is an activity which is very important in preventing osteoporosis. Walk on a regular basis approximately 4.5 km/h for 50 minutes, 5 times a week can maintain bone strength. In addition to weight training and gymnastics are also can be done in people with osteoporosis.

Results (English) 2:

Result
Natural menopause occurs gradually, usually between the ages of 45 years and 55 years. Based on research Morris et al., The number of women who reported experiencing menopause at the age of 50 years most. The onset of menopause vary among racial and ethnic groups affected by demographic and lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status.
Women with premature menopause increases the risk of low bone density, the onset of osteoporosis and fracture earlier. Premature menopause or early menopause is the beginning of a tissue or organ dysfunction and lesion through a hormonal mechanism. Early menopause (≤46 years) had significantly higher risk of osteoporosis.
Bone loss in women starts before menopause and increases based on the addition usia.17 Borer Research conducted by stating that the average bone loss occurs at 1-1.5% all postmenopausal, while other studies say bone loss ≥2% per year during the first 6-10 years after menopause and return at a low level of about 1-2% per year after 10 years after menopause.
More Women who have osteoporosis because in line with the influence estrogen levels in the body begin to decline since the age of 35 years. In postmenopausal bone loss occurs more rapidly than bone formation.
Age is one factor that can accelerate munculnyaosteoporosis. Increasing age, the greater the risk of developing osteoporosis because bone is reduced strength and density. In old age also decreased levels of 1,25 (OH) 2D caused by lack of vitamin D intake in the diet, impaired absorption of vitamin D, and vitamin D in the skin reduced Relationships Family History With Bone Density Based on the results of this study indicate that there is a relationship significant between family history of bone density. It can be seen that the subject contained in the family history of osteoporosis as many as 6 people (17.1%) while there is no family history of osteoporosis in as many as 29 people (82.9%) so that it can be concluded that the subjects who did not have a family history likely to have normal bone density. Someone including high-risk if their parents also suffer from osteoporosis. Genetic factors are mainly affects the size and density of bone. Based on interviews and observations, there are 6 subjects had a family member with a history of osteoporosis is the mother of the subject of the hunchback, feel ached in the foot when to walk. Physical Activity Relationship With Bone Density In this study indicated that there was no significant relationship between factors physical activity and the incidence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. This is not in line with the research Recker et al (2000) which proves that the physical activity associated with the addition of spinal bone density. This is because the measurement of physical activity asked 3 months back while bone mass formation requires a relatively long time, so it can not measure physical activity performed when still young. Age aging will lead to changes in lifestyle, ie a reduction of physical activity daily. Therefore, exercise is an activity that is very important in preventing osteoporosis. Walking regularly about - about 4.5 km / h for 50 minutes, 5 times a week to maintain bone strength. In addition, weight training and exercise also can be performed in patients with osteoporosis.