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The concentration of species not less important to the tropical forests found on the coral reef communities. Coral reef ecosystems are prepared by a colony of tiny coral animals. In terms of species richness and complexity, the marine ecosystems is equivalent to tropical forests humida (Spalding dkk.2001; Figure 1.8). One explanation
of the wealth of this high are coral reefs have high productivity. Coral reefs produce 2,500 grams of biomass per square meter per year, As a comparison, the open ocean produces only l.25 g / m2 / year. Water clarity on the reef allows sunlight to penetrate to
the inside so the algae that live mutualistic inside the reef can perform photosynthesis, high species richness on the reef is also caused by the formation of niches particular among coral species, and the adaptation to varying levels of interference.
Coral the largest reef is the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, with an area of 349,000 km2 •
coral reefs have more than 350 species of coral, 1,500 species of fish, 4,000 species of molluscs and five species of sea turtles, and are breeding grounds for 252 species of
birds (IUCN / UNEP 1988). Although the extent of only 0.1% of the surface area of the ocean, here are 8% of fish species in the world.
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